Wealth vs. Government

Right wing groups in America have long wielded disproportionate influence over political discourse, policy-making, and the judiciary — quietly but effectively steering the country toward a more authoritarian, corporate-driven agenda. Groups like the Federalist Society and Heritage Foundation operate as power brokers in the conservative ecosystem, funneling money and influence to shape not just elections, but the ideological future of the nation.

The Federalist Society, for example, has become a judicial kingmaker, successfully installing justices on the Supreme Court who subscribe to its narrow view of constitutional “originalism”—leading to landmark decisions like Dobbs v. Jackson, which rolled back reproductive rights in America. Meanwhile, Heritage’s Project 2025 serves as a blueprint for a far-right authoritarian takeover of federal agencies, ready to gut progressive reforms and install Christian nationalist ideology in their place.

But these are just a few key players in an ever-expanding web of right-wing groups. The National Rifle Association (NRA) remains a force in stoking fears around gun rights to mobilize voters, while Fox News continues to manipulate public discourse with fear-mongering and disinformation to drive its viewers further into a reactionary worldview. Behind the scenes, the Council for National Policy (CNP) operates as a shadowy network of conservative elites pulling the strings, and groups like the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and Turning Point USA drive extremist policies at the state and grassroots levels.

Add to that the influence of organizations like the Family Research Council, Focus on the Family, and PragerU, and it becomes clear that right-wing power in America is deeply entrenched, feeding off the fear and division these groups systematically create. The stakes for democracy and the future of civil liberties couldn’t be higher.

One way to address the threat is to become familiar with it. Here is a cheatsheet to some of the most influential and notable right wing groups in operation today.

The Federalist Society

The Federalist Society is a powerful, right-wing legal organization that seeks to reshape the U.S. judiciary by advocating for originalism and textualism—the interpretation of the Constitution based on its supposedly “original” meaning (as interpreted by conservative judges, of course). Founded in 1982, this group has steadily gained influence by grooming conservative legal talent, promoting judges who share their philosophy, and challenging progressive legislation, with many of its members appointed to federal courts, including the Supreme Court.

Their ultimate goal is to roll back decades of civil rights protections, environmental regulations, and reproductive freedoms in favor of limited government (even ultra-limited government) and deregulated markets. Now led by conservative activist Leonard Leo, The Federalist Society’s growing clout can be seen in the success of getting their chosen justices onto the Supreme Court, paving the way for decisions like Dobbs v. Jackson, which overturned Roe v. Wade and set back reproductive rights in America by half a century. The organization’s influence has been particularly notable during Republican administrations, especially under former President Donald Trump, who appointed 3 of the Court’s 9 straight from the Federalist list.

A full two thirds of the current U.S. Supreme Court justices have been affiliated with or supported by The Federalist Society. These justices share the Society’s commitment to originalism and textualism, and many were recommended or championed by the organization during the judicial nomination process. The following 6 justices have ties to The Federalist Society:

  1. John Roberts (Chief Justice) – Although not a formal member, Roberts has participated in Federalist Society events and has been described as ideologically aligned with the group’s principles.
  2. Clarence Thomas – An advocate of originalism, Thomas has long been associated with the judicial philosophy promoted by The Federalist Society. He has spoken at their events and is widely seen as one of their intellectual leaders on the bench.
  3. Samuel Alito – Like Roberts, Alito is not a formal member but has participated in Federalist Society activities and shares their conservative judicial outlook.
  4. Neil Gorsuch – A formal member of The Federalist Society before his nomination, Gorsuch was strongly backed by the organization when he was selected to replace Antonin Scalia in 2017.
  5. Brett Kavanaugh – Kavanaugh was supported by The Federalist Society throughout his career, and his nomination to the Supreme Court in 2018 was actively promoted by the group.
  6. Amy Coney Barrett – A former member of The Federalist Society, Barrett was a professor at Notre Dame Law School, where she worked closely with the organization. She was nominated to the Supreme Court in 2020 to replace Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

The Heritage Foundation

The Heritage Foundation, founded in 1973, has long been a key architect of conservative policy in the United States. The Foundation’s efforts consistently push for policies that prioritize corporate interests, deregulation, and concentrated executive power, even at the expense of democratic institutions and processes.

Over the decades, The Heritage Foundation has become a significant force in shaping Republican legislative agendas, providing policy proposals to GOP lawmakers and conservative administrations since Ronald Reagan. However, this institutional influence has often facilitated the entrenchment of an authoritarian strain of right-wing ideology that has now metasticized into the body politic.

Heritage’s agenda has become increasingly anti-democratic in its pursuit of power. Its advocacy for dismantling federal agencies, weakening regulatory oversight, and limiting social safety nets often serves to entrench economic inequality and undermine the role of government in protecting vulnerable populations.

Furthermore, Heritage’s opposition to climate change action, LGBTQ+ rights, and healthcare reform is reflective of a broader ideological commitment to a reactionary social order. By aligning itself with powerful corporate donors and influential media allies, The Heritage Foundation plays a critical role in driving an agenda that marginalizes progressive movements and fosters an increasingly polarized political environment.

Project 2025

Project 2025, one of The Heritage Foundation’s most concerning initiatives, is emblematic of its deeper authoritarian aspirations. Framed as a “presidential transition” plan for the next conservative administration (it features Donald Trump’s name some 312 times in the document), Project 2025 offers a detailed blueprint to swiftly take control of the federal government. It is not simply a roadmap for policy but a systematic effort to capture and reshape the bureaucratic state.

The project outlines a strategy for staffing key government agencies with loyalists (and preferably sycophants), ensuring that the next administration can immediately implement an aggressive conservative agenda. This emphasis on bureaucratic control, along with Heritage’s advocacy for executive power, represents a clear threat to democratic governance and the system of checks and balances architected so carefully by the Framers.

In many ways, Project 2025 is less about policy and more about consolidating power. By installing ideologically aligned personnel across government agencies, the project seeks to neutralize resistance from career civil servants and diminish the ability of future administrations to enact progressive reforms. This long-term strategy of bureaucratic entrenchment and executive dominance is a direct challenge to democratic norms and the American principle of governance for the common good.

The Heritage Foundation, through Project 2025, reveals its broader mission: not just to win elections, but to reshape the machinery of government itself in the image of its authoritarian vision. It’s a blueprint for dismantling the administrative state and concentrating power among a select few.

National Rifle Association (NRA)

The National Rifle Association (NRA) is far more than just a gun rights advocacy group—it’s a political powerhouse that has masterfully weaponized the Second Amendment to push a broader right-wing agenda for years. With deep ties to conservative politicians and a well-oiled lobbying machine, the NRA’s influence extends far beyond the realm of firearms.

Over the decades, it has systematically reframed the gun debate as an existential battle for “freedom,” distorting the conversation around personal liberty while sidestepping the horrific realities of mass shootings and gun violence. By wrapping their cause in the flag and positioning themselves as defenders of constitutional rights, the NRA has successfully blocked nearly every attempt at even modest gun control reforms, no matter how devastating the consequences.

Behind the scenes, the NRA has also served as a financial and ideological conduit for far-right causes, aligning itself with libertarian, Christian nationalist, and white nationalist factions in the U.S. and abroad. Their messaging, amplified through donations, media campaigns, and rallies, often serves as a rallying cry for those who fear a changing demographic and cultural landscape.

In this context, the NRA’s defense of gun ownership morphs into a broader crusade against progressive ideals, becoming a tool to mobilize voters around fear, racial resentment, and conspiracy theories about government overreach. While the group’s finances and leadership have recently been rocked by scandal including the departure of longtime head Wayne LaPierre, the NRA remains a critical node in the conservative ecosystem, helping to fuel America’s increasing polarization and resistance to meaningful reform.

Fox News

Fox News has perfected the art of outrage, transforming itself from a news channel into a megaphone for right-wing populism and conservative grievance politics. More than just a media outlet, Fox has become the central nervous system of the conservative movement, shaping public discourse by peddling a mix of hyper-partisan news, conspiracy theories, and fear-based rhetoric — to resounding profits, defamation suits notwithstanding.

With personalities like Sean Hannity and former performer Tucker Carlson leading the charge, the network has managed to inflame racial, cultural, and political divisions while reinforcing a narrative of “us vs. them” that keeps its audience in a state of perpetual anger and distrust. The goal is clear: to command attention, retain viewers, and push the Overton window ever further to the right, all while raking in massive profits.

Fox News also operates as an informal arm of the Republican Party, serving as both a testing ground for policy ideas and a propaganda machine for GOP candidates. From promoting baseless claims of election fraud to downplaying public health crises like COVID-19, the network consistently distorts reality and joins in the Big Lies to fit its ideological goals.

This symbiotic relationship between Fox and conservative power brokers helps create an ecosystem where facts are malleable, and ideological loyalty trumps journalistic integrity. At the same time, its influence spreads beyond television screens, seeping into social media, right-wing radio, and political rhetoric, amplifying its impact and ensuring that its brand of populist nationalism remains deeply entrenched in American political culture.

Council for National Policy (CNP)

The Council for National Policy (CNP) is an ultra-secretive, right-wing organization that wields immense influence over conservative politics in the U.S., yet few outside the political sphere are even aware of its existence. Comprised of high-profile conservative activists, donors, media moguls, and religious leaders, the CNP acts as a behind-the-scenes power broker, shaping Republican strategy and policy far from the public eye.

Its members, who include Christian nationalists, anti-abortion activists, and climate change deniers, work to advance a deeply conservative agenda aimed at reshaping America according to their ideological vision—one where Christian values dominate public life, government regulations are gutted, and progressive social reforms are rolled back.

Operating in the shadows, the CNP is a master of political influence, often acting as the connective tissue between think tanks, media organizations, and grassroots movements (or, more likely, astroturfed movements). Its influence can be seen in the rise of candidates who espouse extremist views, the promotion of climate skepticism, and coordinated efforts to undermine voting rights and democratic norms.

The group’s meetings are closed to the public, but its fingerprints are evident in the far-right policies being enacted across state legislatures and at the federal level. While their operations remain mostly hidden, the CNP’s agenda is clear: to push America toward a future that aligns with a deeply conservative, Christian nationalist ideology, regardless of the cost to democratic institutions or the broader public good.

Right Wing Groups

In addition to the above heavyweights, a whole horde of other right-embracing organizations are out there working towards anti-democratic ends. We are actively updating this list over time, so please stay tuned for additional right wing groups research to come (or TKTK, as we say in the biz).

Active ClubSimilar to Patriot Front, Active Club emphasizes creating a white nationalist counterculture where young men are socialized into adopting the group’s racist politics. It has risen to prominence with 12 chapters as of the latest reports.
Alliance Defending Freedomformerly the Alliance Defense Fund:

Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) is a conservative Christian legal advocacy organization founded in 1994. ADF focuses on defending religious freedom, the sanctity of life, freedom of speech, and traditional family values through litigation, legal training, and advocacy. The organization provides legal representation and support in cases related to these issues, often taking on high-profile cases that challenge laws or policies perceived as infringing on religious rights or promoting progressive social agendas. ADF has been involved in numerous significant legal battles in the United States, including cases before the Supreme Court, where it has advocated for the rights of individuals and organizations to act according to their religious beliefs. The organization is widely recognized as a leading force in the legal defense of conservative Christian values.
America First Legal FoundationOrganization connected to Trump advisors Stephen Miller and Mark Meadows, involved in both the fake electors scheme to overturn the results of the 2020 election and backing the “independent state legislature doctrine” arguments in favor of extreme partisan gerrymandering to keep GOP power concentrated in state legislatures.
America’s Frontline DoctorsAmerica’s Frontline Doctors (AFLDS) is a controversial conservative group founded in 2020 by Dr. Simone Gold, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The organization gained national attention for promoting unproven and often discredited treatments for COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, while downplaying the severity of the virus and opposing public health measures like mask mandates and vaccinations. AFLDS positioned itself as a counter-narrative to mainstream medical and scientific advice, claiming to advocate for medical freedom and patient rights. The group’s activities and messaging have been widely criticized by public health experts, medical professionals, and government agencies for spreading misinformation and contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Despite this, AFLDS has maintained a significant following among certain segments of the population that are skeptical of conventional medical advice and government interventions.
America’s FutureMike Flynn-connected org involved in both the fake electors scheme to overturn the results of the 2020 election in Donald Trump’s favor, and legal support for the “independent state legislatures doctrine” arguing for extreme state gerrymandering to concentrate state power in GOP hands.
American Conservative Union (ACU)The American Conservative Union (ACU) is a prominent conservative advocacy organization in the United States, founded in 1964. It is best known for hosting the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), which brings together conservative activists, policymakers, and leaders to discuss and promote conservative values and policies. The ACU also engages in political lobbying, voter education, and the rating of politicians based on their adherence to conservative principles. The organization plays a significant role in shaping the conservative agenda in American politics, with a focus on issues such as limited government, free markets, individual liberties, and traditional values.
American Federation for ChildrenTax-free organization funded by Betsy DeVos that lobbies to divert funding away from public schools and to private Christian charter schools.
American Future FundThe fund describes itself as providing Americans with “a conservative and free market viewpoint” with the means to communicate and advocate on behalf of those beliefs.[7] In 2010, the fund reported over 9 million dollars of independent campaign expenditures to the Federal Election Commission, and all of its expenditures benefited Republicans.
American Heritage Girlsthe right-wing “shadow version” of the Girl Scouts, that splintered off after the organization allowed scouts to substitute for the word ‘God’ if they so chose, in the Girl Scout Promise.

AHG is a ‘Christ-centered organization’ that requires members to make statements of faith.
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)Along with CNP, one of two primary right-wing groups with deep funding ties over the past half century to Republican lawmakers and donors & covertly driving “local” and state legislative agenda centrally from a nationally-coordinated source that shrinks from public view and carefully shields its operations from scrutiny.
American MajorityAn organization supported by the Uihleins that provides training to conservative activists.
American Phoenix ProjectAccording to the indictment, Hostetter founded a group in 2020 called the American Phoenix Project that protested restrictions on public gatherings imposed as a public health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. That group became a platform to advocate violence against government leaders, according to the indictment.
American Principles Projecta right-wing anti-abortion and anti-free elections think tank
Americans for ProsperityAs the Koch brothers’ primary political advocacy group, it is one of the most influential American conservative organizations.
Americas PACAnother closely-tied super PAC, Americas PAC, received $1 million from Restoration Action and about $1.4 million from Restoration PAC in 2021. During the 2020 cycle, Americas PAC was funded mostly by Uihlein’s $2.35 million in contributions. During the following cycle, its funding shifted from Uihlein to Restoration PAC and Restoration Action, effectively adding an extra layer of insulation between Uihlein and the super PAC.
Arlington GroupThe Arlington Group is a coalition of influential conservative Christian leaders and organizations in the United States, formed in 2002. The group focuses on coordinating strategies to influence public policy and elections in favor of conservative, often evangelical Christian, values. Members of the Arlington Group include leaders from various Christian advocacy organizations, think tanks, and political action committees. The coalition primarily addresses issues such as opposition to abortion, the defense of traditional marriage, and the promotion of religious freedom. The Arlington Group is known for its behind-the-scenes efforts to shape Republican Party platforms and support candidates who align with its values, playing a significant role in the broader conservative movement in America.
Aryan NationsAryan Nations is a white supremacist, neo-Nazi organization founded in the 1970s. It has been involved in promoting white nationalism and has a history of criminal activity and violence.
Big Oil: oil and gas industrynatural habitat for Dominionist theology:
* Texas
* Louisiana
* Kansas
* Oklahoma
California Family CouncilThe California Family Council (CFC) is a conservative Christian organization dedicated to promoting and defending traditional family values in California. Founded in 2003, CFC works to influence public policy and legislation from a biblical perspective, focusing on issues such as opposition to abortion, the defense of traditional marriage, and the promotion of religious freedom. The organization engages in grassroots advocacy, public education, and lobbying efforts, aiming to shape state laws and cultural attitudes in line with its conservative Christian beliefs. CFC also collaborates with other like-minded organizations to amplify its impact on California’s social and political landscape.
Center for Renewing AmericaChristian nationalist organization led by Russell Vought, with a focus on “combating” Critical Race Theory:

Vought sees his and his organization’s mission as “renew[ing] a consensus of America as a nation under God,” per a statement on CRA’s website, and reshaping the government’s contract with the governed. Freedom of religion would remain a protected right, but Vought and his ideological brethren would not shy from using their administration positions to promote Christian doctrine and imbue public policy with it, according to both people familiar with the matter, granted anonymity to avoid retaliation. He makes clear reference to human rights being defined by God, not man.

America should be recognized as a Christian nation “where our rights and duties are understood to come from God,” Vought wrote two years ago in Newsweek.

via https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/20/donald-trump-allies-christian-nationalism-00142086
Christian CoalitionLong battles over its tax status as well as struggles with the Federal Election Commission over illegal campaign contributions led to the decline of this once giant of the right, founded by 1988 presidential candidate Pat Robertson in the lineage and tradition of Jerry Falwell’s Moral Majority in the 1970s.
Christian VoiceChristian Voice was a conservative Christian advocacy group founded in 1978 in the United States. It was one of the first organizations to mobilize evangelical Christians for political activism, aiming to influence public policy and elections in alignment with conservative Christian values. Christian Voice focused on issues such as opposition to abortion, support for traditional family values, and promoting prayer in public schools. The organization was known for its “Moral Report Card,” which graded politicians based on their voting records on key issues important to conservative Christians. Christian Voice played a pioneering role in the rise of the religious right as a political force in America during the late 20th century, setting the stage for later organizations like the Moral Majority. While its influence waned over time, Christian Voice was significant in shaping the early Christian conservative movement in U.S. politics.
Church UnitedChurch United is a conservative Christian organization that seeks to equip and mobilize pastors and church leaders to engage in cultural and political issues from a biblical perspective. Founded in California, the organization focuses on influencing public policy, particularly in areas related to religious freedom, pro-life advocacy, and traditional family values. Church United encourages clergy to take active roles in their communities and the political process, aiming to bridge the gap between the church and government. The organization conducts training sessions, provides resources, and facilitates connections among pastors to unify their efforts in shaping societal norms and legislation according to Christian principles.
Citizens for the EnvironmentSister organization to the CSE (Citizens for a Sound Economy) Koch-funded operation that called acid rain and other environmental problems “myths”
Citizens of the American Republicone of Steve Bannon’s organizations
Club for Growth ActionAn anti-tax, anti-government spending, pro-free market ideology super PAC and sister organization to the Club for Growth PAC, founded by Harlan Crow et al.
Committee for the Free WorldA neocon anti-Communist think tank is the U.S. from 1981 until 1989.

Members included: Donald Rumsfeld, Tom Stoppard, George Will.

Potential involvement with the CIA.
Concerned Women for AmericaFounded 1979 by Beverly LaHaye, wife of End Times religious fiction author Timothy LaHaye.
Congressional Leadership FundThe GOP’s main super PAC dedicated to electing House Republicans.
Conservative Partnership InstituteThe Conservative Partnership Institute describes itself as “a home base and a networking hub for conservatives here in Washington” that helps associates “build the relationships and gain the education and training necessary to thrive in an environment that too often strips you of your resolve.”
Constitutional Sheriffs and Peace Officers Association (CSPOA)their website claims that the power of any local sheriff is greater than the power of the President — which would be astonishing news to foreign leaders around the world
Convention of StatesExtreme right-wing group seeking to rewrite the Constitution
Council for National Policy (CNP)Founded 1981 by Paul Weyrich, Arch-Demon of the New Right, and Tim LaHaye, who wrote a series of wildly popular novels about the Rapture
Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC)SCOTUS Justice Thurgood Marshall once referred to the group as the “uptown Klan”; today, they push the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory of William S. Lind and Paul Weyrich — famously, they radicalized Dylann Roof who went on to murder 9 people in the AME Baptist Church
Cowboys for TrumpCowboys for Trump is a political organization founded in 2019 by Otero County Commissioner Couy Griffin in New Mexico. The group was established to support Donald Trump’s presidency and promote his policies, particularly in rural and Western communities. Known for their distinctive horseback rides to show support for Trump, Cowboys for Trump advocates for conservative values such as limited government, Second Amendment rights, and border security. The organization has garnered attention for its outspoken and often controversial positions, reflecting a strong alignment with the broader MAGA movement and grassroots conservative activism.
Edgar and Elsa Prince FoundationRight-wing foundation that has donated about $70 million to Christian nationalist causes between 2000 and 2014.
Fair Missourianti-democracy PAC in MO
Faith & Freedom CoalitionThe Faith & Freedom Coalition is a conservative Christian political advocacy organization founded in 2009 by Ralph Reed, a veteran political strategist and former executive director of the Christian Coalition. The organization aims to mobilize evangelical Christians and other socially conservative voters to influence public policy and elections in the United States. The Faith & Freedom Coalition focuses on promoting traditional family values, religious freedom, pro-life policies, and limited government. It engages in grassroots organizing, voter education, and lobbying efforts to advance its agenda, particularly within the Republican Party. The coalition is known for its significant influence in mobilizing evangelical voters, playing a key role in the success of conservative candidates and causes at both the state and national levels.
fake electorsOne of the many arms of Donald Trump’s attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 election in order to stay in power against the will of the people, the fake electors scheme involved convincing state legislators to fabricate a new slate of Republican electors for the Electoral College vote — in defiance of their own state Constitutions and basic democratic values.
Family America ProjectThe Family America Project is a conservative organization that focuses on promoting traditional family values, patriotism, and civic engagement within American society. The group advocates for policies and initiatives that support the nuclear family structure, religious freedom, and education that aligns with conservative principles. Through various campaigns, events, and outreach efforts, the Family America Project seeks to influence public discourse and policy, aiming to strengthen the role of the family as a foundational institution in the United States. The organization is part of a broader movement that emphasizes the importance of cultural and moral values in shaping the nation’s future.
Federalist SocietyAn organization of lawyers led by Leonard Leo, dedicated to rolling back legal precedents set during the post-WWII era. They essentially control the list of SCOTUS nominees for Republican Presidents.
Focus on the FamilyFocus on the Family is a conservative Christian organization founded in 1977 by psychologist James Dobson. Based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the organization advocates for traditional family values and promotes a Christian worldview through various media channels, including radio broadcasts, publications, and online content. Focus on the Family is particularly known for its opposition to LGBTQ+ rights, abortion, and same-sex marriage, while it supports homeschooling and abstinence-only education. The organization has significant influence in American conservative circles and often engages in political lobbying to advance its religious and social agenda.
Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) is one of the oldest free-market think tanks in the United States, founded in 1946 by Leonard E. Read. Based in Atlanta, Georgia, FEE is dedicated to promoting principles of individual liberty, free markets, limited government, and entrepreneurship. The organization provides educational resources, including articles, books, seminars, and online courses, aimed primarily at young people and educators to foster a deeper understanding of economics and classical liberalism. FEE’s work is grounded in the belief that economic freedom and personal responsibility are the foundations of a prosperous society. Over the years, FEE has played a significant role in the dissemination of free-market ideas, influencing generations of economists, policymakers, and business leaders who advocate for libertarian and conservative economic policies.
Foundation for Government AccountabilityThe Foundation for Government Accountability, a conservative think tank that has advocated for loosening child labor protections in certain states, is another major recipient of Uihlein money. The family foundation has given the Foundation for Government Accountability nearly $18 million since 2013, with its largest donation reported in its most recent tax return. In 2021, the family foundation gave FGA $3.6 million, making them FGA’s largest beneficiary that year.
Freedom PartnersKoch network group
Freedom SchoolFree market ideology school that teaches the Robber Barons were heroes and the Gilded Age was when American Was Great Again.
Freedom to Workanti-democracy PAC in Missouri
Generals InternationalDominionist religious group affiliated with the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR)
GOPACThe Republican state and local training organization.
GroypersNamed after the Pepe the Frog meme embraced by the alt-Right, the Groypers are an extremist group seeking to inject their ideologies into the mainstream conservative right-wing movement.
Healing Tree International501(c)(3) non-profit organization affiliated with the New Apostolic Reformation movement.
Heartland Apostolic Prayer NetworkThe Heartland Apostolic Prayer Network (HAPN) is a Christian intercessory prayer movement founded by John Benefiel. It is part of a larger network of prayer groups and ministries that focus on spiritual warfare, prophetic intercession, and the belief in transforming nations through prayer. HAPN operates with the goal of mobilizing believers to pray for the removal of what they view as spiritual strongholds over regions, including addressing issues such as abortion, government policies, and cultural practices. The organization emphasizes a biblical worldview and often engages in activities aimed at influencing both spiritual and political realms in the United States and beyond.
Heartland InstituteThe Heartland Institute is a conservative and libertarian public policy think tank founded in 1984 and based in Illinois. The organization is known for its strong advocacy of free-market principles and limited government intervention. The Heartland Institute is particularly prominent for its work in areas such as environmental policy, healthcare, education, and taxation. It has gained significant attention and controversy for its skepticism of mainstream climate science, particularly its opposition to policies aimed at addressing climate change, and for promoting the idea that human activity is not a significant driver of global warming. The Heartland Institute publishes research, hosts conferences, and engages in advocacy efforts to influence public policy and opinion in line with its ideological positions. The organization is a key player in the network of conservative think tanks and advocacy groups in the United States.
Heritage FoundationThink tank founded by Paul Weyrich as a counterweight to the Brookings Institute and other liberal think tanks, with major funding from beer magnate Joseph Coors and Mellon oligarch Richard Scaife.

Sponsors have included:
* Amoco
* Amway
* Boeing
* Chase
* Chevron
* Dow Chemical
* Exxon
* General Electric
* General Motors
* Mesa Petroleum
* Mobile Oil
* Pfizer
* Philip Morris
* Procter & Gamble
* R. J. Reynolds
* Searle
* Sears
* Roebuck
* SmithKline Beckman
* Union Carbode
* Union Pacific
Honest Elections ProjectThe Honest Elections Project is a conservative advocacy organization focused on so-called “election integrity” and voting laws in the United States. Launched in 2020, the group advocates for stricter voter identification laws, purging voter rolls of ineligible voters, and opposing efforts to expand mail-in voting and same-day voter registration. The Honest Elections Project argues that these measures are necessary to prevent voter fraud and ensure the security of elections, although critics contend that such efforts can suppress voter turnout, particularly among minority and low-income communities. The organization is part of a broader network of conservative groups that have increasingly focused on election-related issues, particularly in the aftermath of the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
Identity EvropaA white supremacist group known for its role in the Charlottesville “Unite the Right” rally — that has since “rebranded” as the American Identity Movement.
Institute for Legislative Action (NRA-ILA)lobbying arm of the NRA, started in 1975
International Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (ICAL)The International Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (ICAL), one of several organizations affiliated with the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR) — along with the US Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (USCAL), its US-based subgroup.
John M. Olin Foundationit was one of the largest “intellectual right” funders before its closing
Judicial WatchOrganization founded by Richard Mellon Scaife that used dark money to go after the Clintons since the 1990s. Part of the “vast right-wing conspiracy” that Hillary accurately described during the 2016 presidential campaign she so tragically lost to a boorish fake billionaire who cares for nothing and no one but himself.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)Historically one of the most infamous white supremacist groups in the US.
Lynde and Harry Bradley FoundationRight-wing foundation that has donated to the CNP, ALEC, Claremonth Institute and John Eastman, the Heritage Foundation, and the Public Interest Legal Foundation chaired by Cleta Mitchell.
MAGA Inc.Predominant Trump SuperPAC.

MAGA Inc. has become the leading super PAC supporting Donald Trump. It was established before the 2022 midterm elections with an initial funding of $60 million, transferred from Save America, Trump’s leadership PAC. Over the past year, MAGA Inc. has spent considerable amounts to undermine two of Trump’s 2024 competitors: Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and former UN Ambassador Nikki Haley. DeSantis withdrew from the Republican primary last week.

In the first half of 2023, the super PAC refunded $12.5 million back to Save America, which has been primarily responsible for covering Trump’s legal expenses.

The organization was founded by Taylor Budowich, a former adviser to Trump, who serves as its CEO. It is also supported by veteran Trump pollster and strategist Tony Fabrizio, with Meredith O’Rouke handling fundraising efforts.
Mighty I AM movementCultish right-wing “self-actualization” group headed by Robert LeFevre in the 1930s, alongside the rise of fascism in the US
National Alliance (NA)At one time a premier neo-Nazi group in the U.S., founded by William Pierce, author of the white supremacist fascist fantasy novel The Turner Diaries
National Policy InstituteThis think tank based in Augusta, Georgia, describes itself as the right’s answer to the Southern Poverty Law Center and is known for promoting white nationalist views.
National Right to Life CommitteeThe National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) is the oldest and one of the largest pro-life organizations in the United States, founded in 1968. The NRLC is dedicated to advocating against abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and other practices it considers to be threats to human life. The organization operates through a network of state affiliates and local chapters, engaging in public education, lobbying, and political action to influence legislation and public opinion. The NRLC also plays a key role in endorsing and supporting pro-life candidates for public office, aiming to advance its agenda at both the state and federal levels. With its long history and broad reach, the NRLC is a significant force in the American pro-life movement.
National Socialist MovementOne of the largest neo-Nazi groups in the US.

Founded in 1974, this party has been very active since 2005, staging many marches and demonstrations.
neo-NazisThese groups include various organizations that idolize Nazi Germany and embrace anti-Semitic ideologies.
Oath Keepersformed in 2009, the organization actively recruits active-duty military, veterans, and members of law enforcement.

from SPLC:
Although Rhodes likes to claim that the Oath Keepers is a nonpartisan organization, Donald Trump’s inauguration marked the first trip the Oath Keepers would take to Washington, D.C., in support of the Trump administration. In January 2017, Rhodes launched what he called “Operation DefendJ20,” a coordinated effort by Oath Keepers, Three Percenters and the far-right Bikers for Trump group, to descend on the Capitol under the guise of protecting peaceful “American patriots” from supposed “radical leftist groups.”
Opportunities Solutions ProjectLobbying arm of the Uihlein-supported Foundation for Government Accountability, a conservative think tank that has lobbied against child labor laws and attacks direct democracy initiatives like referendums at the state level.
Patriot Front“Patriot Front” and the “bloodandsoil.org” website are the brainchild of a cluster of Texas-based neo-Nazis who created their new entity — a blend of traditional white-supremacist ideology, alt-right sensibilities and activism, and militia-style armed insurrection — as a result of internecine quarreling within their original organization, Vanguard America (VA), in Charlottesville, Virginia, this summer, when one of their marchers drove a car into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one and maiming 19.
Patriot Mobile ActionPAC for Patriot Mobile, the conservative Christian cellphone company, used to funnel the money for taking over 4 Texas school boards.
Plants Need CO2Front group for the lobbying arm of oil magnate Corbin Robertson Jr.
Proud Boysself-described “Western chauvinists”
Public Interest Legal FoundationA Cleta Mitchell and Bradley Foundation enterprise to sow doubt about the 2020 election — and one conspicuously notable director: John Eastman of the infamous Eastman Memo from Jan 6
Republican Study Committee (RSC)The largest ideological caucus in Congress has an extreme right-wing platform — which is saying something in this climate of right-wing extremity. They believe the following:

The RSC’s key legislative initiatives are detailed in the American Taxpayer Bill of Rights,[6] unveiled in March 2007.[4]

Taxpayers have a right to have a federal government that does not grow beyond their ability to pay for it.
Taxpayers have a right to receive back each dollar that they entrust to the government for their retirement.
Taxpayers have a right to expect the government to balance the budget without having their taxes raised.
Taxpayers have a right to a simple, fair tax code that they can understand.
Restoration ActionRestoration Action, the dark money group affiliated with Restoration PAC, a super PAC funded largely by Richard Uihlein, took in over $20.5 million in revenue 2021, nearly double the $10.4 million it brought in the prior year, according to tax records for the organization. The group’s 2022 fundraising haul was more than 300 times as much as the roughly $64,000 it brought in over the course of 2019 and 51 times the highest revenue recorded any prior year.

Unlike super PACs, which are legally required to report its donors to the Federal Election Commission, Restoration Action is a 501(c)(4) nonprofit that keeps its donors’ identities secret from the public.
Restoring Integrity and Trust in ElectionsBill Barr-associated organization involved in the fake electors scheme to overturn the 2020 election results in favor of Trump, and a proponent of the “independent state legislature doctrine” pushing extreme gerrymandering as a tactic for right-wing statehouse control.
Richard and Helen DeVos Family Foundationdonated about $100 million to Christian nationalist causes between 2000 and 2014
Rutherford InstituteA conservative Christian public interest law firm (non-profit) working in the interest of religious liberties.
SAGE ConsSpiritually Active, Governmentally Engaged Conservative Christians — mostly older white Protestants in Middle America. They revere the past and fear the future.
Schafly EaglesFounded 1972
Seasteading InstituteA 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and think tank devoted to the study of autonomous floating seafaring communities outside the reach of national governments, founded and funded by tech billionaire Peter Thiel.
Senate Judiciary CommitteeSenator from South Carolina who ran for President in 2016 but dropped out before the Republican primaries began.

Known for being a Trump sycophant and a closet queer.
Smith Richardson FoundationThe Smith Richardson Foundation is a private philanthropic foundation established in 1935 by H. Smith Richardson, the founder of the Vicks Chemical Company. The foundation is dedicated to supporting public policy research and projects that advance the long-term interests of the United States, particularly in areas related to national security, foreign policy, and domestic public policy. It funds a wide range of research initiatives, think tanks, and policy institutes, with a focus on promoting effective governance, economic growth, and American leadership in the world. The Smith Richardson Foundation is known for its support of conservative and neoconservative scholars and institutions, though it also funds research across the political spectrum. Its grants have played a significant role in shaping U.S. policy debates on critical issues both domestically and internationally.
Southern Baptistsdemanded increased “religious freedom” to grow their political influence, by maximizing benefits to the church as a tax-exempt power base
Students for Life“Abortion is discrimination based on their age”
Students for TrumpStudents for Trump is a grassroots political organization founded in 2015 by college students in support of Donald Trump’s presidential campaign. The group quickly gained momentum on college campuses across the United States, mobilizing young voters and organizing rallies to advocate for Trump’s policies and campaign. After Trump’s election, Students for Trump continued to operate as a prominent youth-driven movement within the broader MAGA (Make America Great Again) coalition, focusing on promoting conservative values, engaging in political activism, and supporting Republican candidates who align with Trump’s agenda. The organization plays a key role in energizing and mobilizing young conservative voters.
Susan B. Anthony Lista right-wing anti-abortion and anti-free elections org
Tea PartyThe Tea Party movement was an American fiscally conservative political movement within the Republican Party. Members of the movement called for lower taxes and for a reduction of the national debt and federal budget deficit through decreased government spending.[1][2] The movement supported small-government principles[3][4] and opposed government-sponsored universal healthcare.[5] The Tea Party movement has been described as a popular constitutional movement[6] composed of a mixture of libertarian,[7] right-wing populist,[8] and conservative activism.[9] It has sponsored multiple protests and supported various political candidates since 2009.[10][11][12] According to the American Enterprise Institute, various polls in 2013 estimated that slightly over 10% of Americans identified as part of the movement.
Tea Party PatriotsDuring the 2020 election cycle, Richard Uihlein was the top donor to the Tea Party Patriots super PAC and has given the operation at least $4.29 million since the 2016 election.
The American LegionVeterans’ organization founded in 1919, funded in part by J.P. Morgan. Engaged in union-busting and anti-New Deal activities.
The Club for GrowthThe Club for Growth is a conservative 501(c)(4) organization based in Washington, D.C. that advocates for policies focused on cutting taxes, limited government, and “economic freedom.”

It was founded in 1999 by Harlan Crow, Stephen Moore, Thomas L. ‘Dusty’ Rhodes, and Richard Gilder with the stated mission of “promoting public policies that promote economic growth, lower taxes, and limited government”

The Club for Growth has two affiliated political arms – the Club for Growth PAC (a traditional PAC) and Club for Growth Action (a super PAC formed in 2010)

The PAC endorses and raises money for fiscally conservative candidates, while the super PAC runs independent expenditure campaigns supporting or opposing candidates based on their stance on economic issues

Over the years, the Club for Growth and its political arms have spent millions opposing Republican incumbents they view as insufficiently conservative on economic issues, as well as supporting challengers aligned with their free-market, anti-tax agenda

The organization was initially skeptical of Donald Trump’s candidacy in 2016 and spent millions on ads attacking his economic policies before eventually supporting him in the general election against Hillary Clinton

The Club for Growth’s current president is David McIntosh, who has led the organization since the early 2000s
The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the LordA far-right paramilitary organization affiliated with the Christian Identity movement of the 1970s and 80s. The groups dissolved in 1985 after a law enforcement siege of their Arkansas compound dubbed “The Farm” and subsequent arrest and conviction of leadership for weapons violations and domestic terrorism.
The Hoover InstitutionRight-wing think tank
The Leadership InstituteClaimed in a 2018 YouTube promo video by Mike Pence that the organization had trained 185,000 activists, operatives, and elected officials since forming in 1979 under Morton Blackwell, Paul Weyrich, and Richard Viguerie.
The Moral MajorityThe Moral Majority, a prominent political organization founded in 1979 by Jerry Falwell, was a key player in the rise of the Religious Right in the United States. It was primarily focused on promoting conservative social values and had strong connections with several groups and constituencies.
The Sarah Scaife FoundationThe Sarah Scaife Foundation is a prominent American philanthropic organization known for its support of conservative and libertarian causes. Established by the Scaife family, which has a long history of influence in conservative circles, the foundation primarily funds think tanks, policy institutes, and advocacy groups that promote free-market principles, limited government, and traditional values. The foundation is one of several Scaife family foundations that have played a significant role in shaping conservative thought and policy in the United States, particularly through its financial backing of influential organizations like The Heritage Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute, and the Cato Institute. The Sarah Scaife Foundation’s contributions have been instrumental in advancing the conservative agenda across various domains, including economics, foreign policy, and social issues.
The State Policy Networka “mini-Heritage Foundation in each state”
The Supreme Court (SCOTUS)Highest court in the land (yet curiously, the only one without an official ethical standard)
Three PercentersFounded in 2008, the Three Percenters is a loosely organized anti-government group that takes its name from the idea that only 3% of American colonists took up arms against the British in the 18th century American Revolution.
True Texas ProjectPatriot Mobile-aligned group in Texas that has been labeled an anti-government extremist group by the SPLC.
TrumPACAs of February 2016, Amy Kremer was the chair of TrumPAC, a super PAC supporting Donald Trump’s campaign in the 2016 presidential election.[17] TrumPAC later changed its name to Great America PAC.[18] Great America PAC was founded by Kremer and William Doddridge, the CEO of The Jewelry Exchange.[19] Kremer resigned from Great America PAC in May 2016, shortly after Trump became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, due to decisions which she claimed had been made without her input.[20]
Turning Point USATargets kids and young adults for far right radicalization: https://twitter.com/jennycohn1/status/1463759054212198400
United Daughters of the ConfederacyThe United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) is an American lineage society that was founded in 1894 to commemorate Confederate soldiers and to promote the “Lost Cause” narrative of the American Civil War. Over time, the UDC has been associated with several groups and organizations, either directly or through shared goals, such as memorializing the Confederacy or promoting similar historical interpretations.
US Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (USCAL)The US subgroup of the International Coalition of Apostolic Leaders (ICAL), one of several organizations affiliated with the New Apostolic Reformation (NAR)
US Council for World FreedomThe U.S. Council for World Freedom (USCWF) was the American chapter of the World Anti-Communist League (WACL), founded in 1981 by Major General John K. Singlaub, a retired U.S. Army officer and staunch anti-communist. The organization aimed to combat global communism by supporting anti-communist movements, particularly in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, through advocacy, funding, and coordination with other like-minded groups. The USCWF was involved in controversial activities, including providing support to paramilitary groups and other organizations fighting against leftist governments and movements during the Cold War. While its supporters viewed it as a necessary force against the spread of communism, critics accused it of aligning with authoritarian regimes and engaging in unethical practices. The USCWF was part of the broader network of organizations associated with WACL and played a significant role in the international anti-communist movement during the 1980s.
Vision Forum MinistriesNow defunct Evangelical organization in TX
We Build the Wall, IncNon-profit organization founded by Steve Bannon et al, indicted in New York state on multiple counts of fraud and conspiracy for using the fundraised proceeds to enrich themselves.
World Anti-Communist LeagueThe World Anti-Communist League (WACL) was an international coalition of anti-communist organizations and individuals, founded in 1966. The organization brought together a diverse range of members, including political leaders, military officials, and activists from various countries, united by their opposition to communism and Marxist ideologies. WACL played a significant role during the Cold War, supporting anti-communist movements and governments around the world through advocacy, networking, and sometimes covert operations. The league was controversial due to its alliances with far-right and authoritarian figures, as well as its involvement in efforts to undermine communist influence in Latin America, Asia, and other regions. Over time, WACL evolved and eventually rebranded as the World League for Freedom and Democracy in the 1990s, continuing its mission with a broader focus on promoting democracy and human rights.
World Congress of Families (WCF)Already oriented towards Russia by 2011! Held the bulk of its meetings there.

The growing influence of these right-wing organizations underscores a sobering reality: the American political landscape is being quietly reshaped by a network of well-funded, ideologically-driven groups working to erode democratic norms and concentrate power. From the judiciary to the media, their coordinated efforts are pushing the country towards an increasingly authoritarian and corporate-dominated future. These groups feed on fear and division, capitalizing on cultural and political grievances to drive their agenda forward.

Yet, awareness is the first step toward resistance. Understanding the scope and strategy of these organizations allows us to recognize the long-term threats they pose to civil liberties, environmental protections, and the social safety net. As citizens, it is crucial to remain vigilant, informed, and engaged in the defense of democratic principles. The fight for the future of American democracy is far from over, and the stakes could not be higher.

Here’s how to volunteer, if you’re brave enough to answer the call.

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Marc Andreessen, a prominent tech billionaire, co-founder of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, and one of Twitter (X)’s current investors, holds a complex and often controversial set of beliefs and ideologies. But who is Marc Andreessen, really — as in, what does he believe in? What is he using his wealth and power to achieve?

His perspectives are often polarizing, marrying an unyielding faith in the transformative power of technology with a worldview that is dismissive of societal concerns and hostile to traditional democratic values. Here are some of the key aspects of his views:

1. Techno-Optimism and Elitism

Andreessen is a strong advocate for techno-optimism, believing that technological advancements are the key to solving societal problems and driving progress. However, this optimism is often tied to an elitist worldview, where he sees technologists and wealthy entrepreneurs as the primary drivers of societal advancement.

 His “Techno-Optimist Manifesto” outlines a vision where technologists are the leaders of society, unencumbered by social responsibility, trust, safety, and ethics — particularly in the realm of AI, which he believes ought to race ahead to whatever end, risks be damned.

2. Critique of Government and Social Structures

Andreessen criticizes the U.S. government for being strangled by special interests and lobbying, yet his firm has engaged in significant lobbying efforts.

He expresses disdain for centralized systems of government, particularly communism, while advocating for technologists to play a central role in planning and governing society.

Who is Marc Andreessen? A Silicon Valley venture capitalist and tech billionaire with extreme views about society

3. Accelerationism and Right-Wing Influences

 Andreessen embraces “effective accelerationism,” a philosophy that champions technological advancement at any cost. This is influenced by thinkers like Nick Land, known for his anti-democratic and anti-egalitarian ideas.

His manifesto draws from the works of Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Ayn Rand, reflecting a strong right-wing libertarian influence.

Continue reading Who is Marc Andreessen?
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who owns twitter elon musk and others

The social network formerly known as Twitter, now known as X, has been through some things — including a rocky change of ownership 2 years ago. At the time, the person who owns Twitter on paper was known to be tech billionaire and then-world’s richest man Elon Musk — but it was not fully known who was included in the full shadowy list of Twitter investors.

Thanks apparently to some terrible lawyering, the full list of Twitter investors via parent company X Corp has been unsealed during discovery for a legal case against Musk relating to non-payment of severance for employees he laid off after buying the company. In addition to the known in 2022 list below, we can now augment the Twitter investors list with more detail:

  • Bill Ackman
  • Marc Andreesen — legendary tech investor and general partner at Andreessen Horowitz, known for his techno-accelerationist views
  • Joe Lonsdale — cofounder of Palantir with shadowy tech billionaire Peter Thiel, the primary financial backer of Trump’s VP pick JD Vance
  • Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal
  • Jack Dorsey — one of the original founders of Twitter
  • Larry Ellison
  • Ross Gerber
  • Doug Leone
  • Michael Moritz
  • Changpeng Zhao

Security analyst and intelligence professional Eric Garland notes that beyond the notable billionaires on the list, the investor sheet can be largely read as “fronts for the dictatorships of Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, and others.” Tech pioneer turned investigative journalist Dave Troy’s take on the Twitter investor list reveal is that it shows “this platform is an instrument of information warfare.”

Continue reading Who owns Twitter (X)? [2024 update]
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This is one of those stats that’s sure to be both repeated and disbelieved, courtesy of Bill Clinton’s speech at the phenomenal DNC 2024 last night: since the end of the Cold War in 1989, the cumulative tally of job creation between the two parties is not even close: 50 to 1. Out of the 51 million jobs that have been created since then, about 50 million of them can be attributed to Democrats (under Clinton, Obama, and Biden who account for 97.4% of the total), and only 1 million to Republicans.

That is a pretty stark objective review of right-wing economic ideology. Which is billed, by the way, as “job creating” policy. Trickle down economics, supply side, Reaganomics, libertarian theory, Mudsill Theory — by whatever name you call it, the policy of giving massive tax cuts to the rich while cutting spending on the middle class is supposed to magically create great prosperity for all. Instead, the numbers show the exact opposite — prosperity is not trickling down. It is in fact being hoovered up.

DNC 2024: Fierce middle class energy

I hope to write more about the overall amazing, vibrant, and joyful atmosphere of the DNC this year — delivering not just the strongest support for Kamala Harris and Tim Walz possible, but bringing back the sense of hope and optimism from the Obama years in the most refreshing and much-needed way. But for now I’ll just say that the Democrats are driving home this economic message that has already been wildly successful under Joe Biden: when we invest in the middle class, the economy truly does grow for everybody.

When the middle class is strong, America is strong. It’s a lesson we learned in the post-war era of the 1950s but have drifted away from since the 1970s when corporate leaders and big business interests mounted a concerted effort to turn the tide against the New Deal value system that lifted us out of the Great Depression and the economic policy that ushered in that broad distribution of wealth in the U.S.

It feels like the fever is finally breaking. The decades of epic gaslighting fomented by the merchants of doubt may have reached the peak disinformation tolerance of the American people. Here’s hoping the real economic stories will now get told — and that Americans will go to the polls this November and cast their ballots accordingly.

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In an age where history is often twisted into a pretzel to fit the political narrative du jour, Heather Cox Richardson stands out as a truth-teller. She’s not just another academic tucked away in an ivory tower; she’s a historian with her boots on the ground (often literally, as she travels the country speaking about what she sees), dissecting the American past with surgical precision and connecting it directly to the chaos we’re living through today. Heather Cox Richardson books are like tours through the deep history behind the seemingly recent developments in US politics.

Richardson isn’t content to let history gather dust in old textbooks. No, she’s dragging it kicking and screaming into the present, showing us that the battles we’re fighting now—over democracy, race, and who gets to call the shots—are just the latest skirmishes in a war that’s been raging since the country’s inception. She doesn’t just recount the past; she wields it like a spotlight, illuminating the dark corners of our current political mess.

Historian Heather Cox Richardson interviews President Joe Biden

Her “Letters from an American” newsletter has become a lifeline for many who feel lost in the swamp of today’s political discourse. With each entry, she lays out the facts, cutting through the noise and reminding us that the problems we face aren’t new—they’re the bitter fruit of seeds planted long ago. But Richardson isn’t just about doom and gloom. She’s also about hope, about understanding the past so we can navigate our way out of the storm.

Why does her work matter so much right now? Because as we teeter on the edge of what sometimes feels like the unraveling of our democracy, Richardson offers us a lifeline: context. She shows us that the currents pulling us under have been swirling for centuries and that understanding them is the first step to changing the tide.

Richardson’s books are more than just historical accounts; they’re roadmaps that guide us through the muck of the present by showing us where we’ve been. Whether she’s unpacking the economic machinations of the Civil War, tracing the GOP’s evolution from Lincoln’s party to today’s fractured entity, or exposing how Southern oligarchy seeped into the national bloodstream, she’s always making one thing clear: history is not a straight line. It’s a loop, and if we’re not careful, we’ll find ourselves back where we started.

In a time when facts are up for debate and democracy is under siege, Heather Cox Richardson’s voice is not just important—it’s essential. She’s not just telling us what happened; she’s showing us what’s at stake. I look forward to immersing myself in the first three, but I’ve read the last 3 and wholeheartedly recommend them to anyone seeking to understand this current political moment and what’s at stake.

1. “The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War” (1997)

  • Summary: The book examines how the Republican Party’s economic policies during the Civil War shaped the United States’ economy and political landscape. Richardson argues that these policies, including the establishment of a national banking system and the introduction of a national currency, laid the groundwork for the modern American economy and solidified the Republicans’ control over the national government.

2. “The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865-1901” (2001)

  • Summary: Richardson explores the Northern perspective on the Reconstruction era, focusing on how Northern attitudes toward race, labor, and politics contributed to the failure of Reconstruction. She argues that the North’s retreat from Reconstruction was driven by concerns about class and labor rather than race alone, leading to the abandonment of African Americans in the South.

3. “West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War” (2007)

  • Summary: This book extends the traditional narrative of Reconstruction beyond the South, exploring how the Civil War and its aftermath reshaped the entire nation. Richardson connects the experiences of people across the country, showing how the Reconstruction era led to the creation of a new American identity and a modern national government.

4. “To Make Men Free: A History of the Republican Party” (2014)

  • Summary: Richardson provides a comprehensive history of the Republican Party from its founding in the 1850s through the early 21st century. She traces the party’s evolution from a force for emancipation and national unity to its modern incarnation, examining the ideological shifts and internal conflicts that have shaped its trajectory.

5. “How the South Won the Civil War: Oligarchy, Democracy, and the Continuing Fight for the Soul of America” (2020)

  • Summary: In this book, Richardson argues that although the South lost the Civil War militarily, its ideology of oligarchy and white supremacy continued to shape American politics and society. She traces the spread of this Lost Cause ideology from the post-war South to the West and its eventual influence on national politics, culminating in the rise of modern conservative movements.

6. “Democracy Awakening: Notes on the State of America” (2023)

  • Summary: Richardson reflects on the current state of American democracy, drawing on her expertise in history and her popular “Letters from an American” newsletter. She examines the challenges facing the country in the era of Trumpism, including political polarization, disinformation and misinformation, conspiracy theories, and the erosion of democratic norms, while also offering hope and a path forward based on historical lessons.
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Evangelicals in church raising their hands high for Christian nationalism

Christian nationalism, a belief system that intertwines national identity with Christian faith, has been a significant force in American history — and the Christian nationalism timeline may go back further than you think. It erroneously asserts that the United States is fundamentally a Christian nation and should be governed by biblical principles.

This flawed ideology has influenced various aspects of American life, from politics to education, and continues to shape the discourse around national identity and public policy. Understanding the evolution of Christian nationalism provides critical insights into its current manifestations and implications for the future.

In recent years, the resurgence of Christian nationalism has become more visible and influential in American politics. The events of January 6, 2021, and the Big Lie rhetoric surrounding the 2020 presidential election highlighted the power and reach of this movement. With key figures like Russell Vought and organizations like Project 2025 advocating for policies that align with their interpretation of Christian values, it is essential to examine the timeline of Christian nationalism to grasp its roots, growth, and contemporary relevance.

Vote them out, while we still can

Then, get to the polls and take everyone you know with you. Do not allow the right-wing to establish a theocracy in this country — no matter what your faith (or lack thereof), we have common interest in preventing any one faith from informing the US government.

A line of diverse and young-looking voters forms at the polling place -- the right-wing's worst nightmare

Just because they say the words “Christian nation” does not alter the actual history in which the founders were deists who were adamant about keeping the political and religious spheres separate — having seen the ills it can cause to entwine them. Is America a Christian nation? No. We rejected the divine right of kings, very consciously and loudly so at the time. It is easy to pick up this sentiment in the writings of the founders both inside and outside of the founding documents.

Christian nationalism timeline

  • 1607 — The Jamestown Colony is established in Virginia. Early settlers bring a mix of Christian beliefs that will influence American culture.
  • 1620 — The Pilgrims arrive on the Mayflower, establishing the Plymouth Colony. They seek religious freedom after being persecuted for their lack of conformity to the Anglican church in England, and establish a community based on their Puritan beliefs.
  • 1630 — John Winthrop delivers his sermon “A Model of Christian Charity,” articulating the vision of America as a “city upon a hill,” influencing the concept of a Christian nation.
  • 1730-1740s — The First Great Awakening, a series of religious revivals, sweeps through the American colonies, strengthening evangelicalism.
  • 1776 — The Declaration of Independence is signed. The Founding Fathers, while influenced primarily by Enlightenment ideas, also incorporate some Christian principles.
  • 1787 — The U.S. Constitution is drafted, establishing a secular government with the First Amendment guaranteeing freedom of religion.
Continue reading Christian Nationalism Timeline
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Project 2025 mind map of entities

Project 2025, led by former Trump official Paul Dans and key conservative figures within The Heritage Foundation, sets forth an ambitious conservative and Christian nationalist vision aimed at fundamentally transforming the role of the federal government. Leonard Leo, a prominent conservative known for his influence on the U.S. Supreme Court‘s composition, is among the project’s leading fundraisers.

The initiative seeks to undo over a century of progressive reforms, tracing back to the establishment of a federal administrative framework by Woodrow Wilson, through the New Deal by Roosevelt, to Johnson’s Great Society. It proposes a significant reduction in the federal workforce, which stands at about 2.25 million people.

Project 2025 plans

Essential measures include reducing funding for, or even abolishing, key agencies such as the Department of Justice, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Departments of Education and Commerce. Additionally, Project 2025 intends to bring semi-independent agencies like the Federal Communications Commission under closer presidential control.

At its heart, Project 2025 aims to secure a durable conservative dominance within the federal government, aligning it closely with the principles of the MAGA movement and ensuring it operates under the direct oversight of the White House. The project is inspired by the “unitary executive theory” of the Constitution, which argues for sweeping presidential authority over the federal administrative apparatus — in direct contradiction with the delicate system of checks and balances architected by the Founders.

It is also inspired by religious fervor (and the cynical exploitation thereof) — and Project 2025 has brought together a pantheon of Christian nationalist organizations and groups to draft policy that could be implemented with alacrity, select potential appointees for the administration, build networks with GOP at the state and local levels — and with right wing groups and networks around the world.

Project 2025 goals

To realize their extremist, authoritarian goal, Dans is actively recruiting what he terms “conservative warriors” from legal and government networks, including bar associations and offices of state attorneys general. The aim is to embed these individuals in key legal roles throughout the government, thereby embedding the conservative vision deeply within the federal bureaucracy to shape policy and governance for the foreseeable future.

Continue reading What is Project 2025: The GOP’s plan for taking power
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Jesus healing the sick as a foil to Christian nationalism

Jesus commanded us to love our enemies. The vitriol of our politics — the violent rhetoric, the animosity, the refusal to engage in democratic deliberation — is not loving our enemies. It seems to me that Christian nationalism isn’t very Christian, in word or deed.

Jesus hated fame, loathed fortune, and eschewed power. So many of these fake Christians and Christian nationalist groups fundraising for the profane idol of Trumpism are drunk on all three.

They’ve tied capitalism and Christianity together in a way that is both wholly unsupported by the Bible and wholly antithetical to the foundational idea of growing the size of your market, not shrinking it. Jesus threw the moneylenders out of the temple, condemning the commercialization of religious practice. And yet the commercialization of religious practice is alive and well in the American version of Christian nationalism.

Jesus loved the poor, and frequently warned about the dangers of wealth and greed. He told the parable of the Good Samaritan, who stops to help a total stranger in need, expecting no help in return — and said “go and do likewise.” He was very much an original Social Justice Warrior.

Jesus with a group of poor children, as a foil to the Christian nationalist movement

Politics and spirituality are opposites

Jesus also said to render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s — indicating that he believed politics and spirituality were not a good mix. God’s realm is not like this one, and he does not care about our petty political trifles. He cares that we love our neighbors as ourselves.

Which is a value I believe in and agree on, even though I’m a Buddhist. There is much wisdom from pretty much all the religious doctrines worth listening to and adopting, even if one does not adopt the symbolism of the identity tropes of a chosen religious practice. Morality does not depend on being a member of the Christian faith or any other particular faith — despite the claims of some in the right-wing. There are moral people everywhere, getting up every day and doing their best to be good humans, good citizens, good neighbors, good parents, friends, volunteers, and so on.

Humans first, tribes second

We have to put our humanity ahead of our group identities if we have a chance of surviving the coming wars — the climate war, the food and water wars, the new cold war, lawfare, and new escalations of the information warfare and psychological warfare around the globe. We are all more alike than we are different — a deep truth that Jesus knew and shared strongly, asking us to live and share that message ourselves, even when it’s sometimes hard.

Continue reading Christian nationalism isn’t very Christian
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Recently the Former Guy proclaimed to know nothing about Project 2025, the plan whose authors include 70% current and former Trump officials. In that he doth protest too much — does Trump support Project 2025? You bet your bippy he does!

What is Project 2025? Think of it as a vast plan, close to the former president, to feverishly establish Christofascism in America starting with Day 1 of a second Trump presidency. It is a 920-page document, and 1000-employee project, to “supercharge” another Trump term with an infusion of Christian nationalism.

More than 100 Christian nationalist organizations and groups are involved in drafting the blueprint for Trump’s next term, should that horrorscape come to pass. One core problem they have, however, is the extreme unpopularity of their ideas. Most Americans would recoil from the draconian measures Project 2025 wishes to bestow upon the nation, unasked for and unwanted — including banning abortion nationwide, restricting IVF, defunding education, pulling out of NATO, etc.

Who is behind Project 2025?

Project 2025 is so toxic in fact that Donald Trump disavowed it on Truth Social:

Trump disavows Project 2025 on his social network, Truth Social

Despite his pathetic attempt to disclaim knowledge about Project 2025, Trump’s current and former staff make up the majority of the group’s architects. Trump’s name appears 312 times in their document. It’s simply not credible that the GOP presumptive nominee is unaware of his loudest allies and advocates — and even if you take him at his word, it constitutes malpractice for a political candidate to be so uninformed.

So allegedly, Donald Trump doesn’t know anyone behind Project 2025. Let’s have a look at the amazing Venn Diagram between Trump officials and Project 2025, shall we?

Karoline Leavitt

Currently serving as the national press secretary for Trump’s 2024 campaign, Karoline Leavitt appears as a trainer in Project 2025 Presidential Administration Academy videos:

Karoline Leavitt, Donald Trump's national press secretary for his 2024 campaign, in a training video for the Project 2025 Presidential Administration Academy

Stephen Miller

Dour, pasty-faced goon Stephen Miller complemented Trump’s sadism as his senior advisor, with his cruel border separation policy for children and their families. He is well known for his white supremacist views and associations, but less well known for his role as head of a legal group on Project 2025’s advisory board. Here is Miller in a recruitment ad for Project 2025:

Stephen Miller, top Trump aide and anti-immigration extremist, stars in recruitment ads for Project 2025
Continue reading Does Trump support Project 2025?
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banned books burning books

Expecting this banned books list will be ongoing, unfortunately…

Book bans represent a significant threat to the First Amendment by restricting access to diverse ideas and viewpoints, which are essential to a free and democratic society. These bans orchestrated by right wing groups often target literature that addresses complex and sometimes controversial themes such as race, sexuality, and political ideologies, under the guise of protecting young readers.

However, this form of censorship undermines intellectual freedom and the right to read, leading to a homogenized culture that stifles critical thinking and open dialogue. The American Library Association (ALA) and PEN America have documented thousands of instances where books have been removed from school and public libraries, reflecting a concerted effort by certain groups to impose their moral or political standards on the wider community, thus eroding the foundational principles of free expression enshrined in the First Amendment​.

Most Banned Books (2023-2024)

  1. “Gender Queer” by Maia Kobabe
  2. “All Boys Aren’t Blue” by George M. Johnson
  3. “The Bluest Eye” by Toni Morrison
  4. “Out of Darkness” by Ashley Hope Pérez
  5. “The Hate U Give” by Angie Thomas
  6. “Beyond Magenta” by Susan Kuklin
  7. “The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian” by Sherman Alexie
  8. “Melissa” (previously published as “George”) by Alex Gino
  9. “Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You” by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi
  10. “Drama” by Raina Telgemeier
Continue reading Banned Books List: What the right-wing considers dangerous literature
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Trump tax cuts right-wing economics

At least, not according to what Republicans promised when they passed them. The Trump tax cuts didn’t work to grow the economy, increase revenues, alleviate the debt, or benefit ordinary Americans as alleged.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was introduced by then-Speaker of the House (and fiscal hawk) Paul Ryan and signed into law by then-President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. It permanently reduced the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, and lowered the overall tax for all brackets — seems fair, right? Except the wealthy walked away with 50 times the amount of tax benefit as the lower brackets.

Trump tax cuts add $1.5 trillion to the deficit

Not only did the tax cuts not raise revenue as promised — they became a liability on the balance sheet when almost immediately going into the red. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimated the TCJA would add approximately $1.5 trillion to the federal deficit over 10 years, after accounting for any temporary growth effects. The national debt will rise to accommodate as we borrow money to make up the shortfall between earnings and expenditures.

The Trump tax cuts reduced federal tax revenue, with significant declines in corporate tax receipts (surprise, surprise!). They did the exact opposite of what they promised to do — leaving our economy in a more precarious position even before the pandemic hit.

Who benefited from Trump’s tax cuts?

Conservatives and right-wing economists claim that tax cuts will help ordinary people by raising wages. In reality, however, corporations instead used their tax windfalls to do other things: stock buybacks, dividends, and executive pay. In fact, this happens over and over again each cycle of empty promises from so-called “fiscal conservatives” who in large part know exactly what they do.

Billionaires love Trump tax cuts!

They seem to believe they are entitled to the lion’s share of America’s money (as they have been since at least Mudsill Theory in 1858 and even before) and by gum, nothing is going to stop them — not democracy, not a sense of decency, not a sense of institutional preservation as used to be the very core pillar of Conservatism. No longer. Now it’s a will to power and to plunder. It’s not so much trickle down as it is hoover up.

Reaganomics, Trickle down, Laffer curve, Supply-side economics — it’s all the same

The magical revenue-generating power of tax cuts has been long promised and never delivered by right-wing Republicans. Since the 1980s edition, Reaganomics — the economic “theory” drafted on the back of a cocktail napkin dubbed the Laffer Curve for the slightly drunken man who scribbled it — has moved immense amounts of wealth upwards into the hands and coffers of the 1% and 0.1% at the expense of the masses.

The argument is that rich people will take the extra billions in returned tax money and use it to innovate and grow the economy — except that never happens. And why would they? They don’t have to earn revenue the old-fashioned way, through free market competition — they can just sit back on their laurels, buy a Senator or two, and rake in a huge windfall every few years that a GOP officeholder is in the White House. It is rock solid orthodoxy for the right-wing now, that tax cuts are almost the only policy initiative they care about — along with a side of deregulation and the slashing of the social safety net.

We’ve seen this movie before. The rich guys take the money and run — in many ways literally, into the arms of tax-free havens like the Cayman Islands or Seychelles. They do not return it to the American economy — although they do inject it into American politics, to skew the playing field even further in their favor despite already extracting extraordinary privileges and benefits to themselves from all aspects of their coziness with the political elite and their direct capture of various institutions.

As LBJ once said:

“If you can convince the lowest white man he’s better than the best colored man, he won’t notice you’re picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on, and he’ll empty his pockets for you.”

President Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1960

The economic elites are dividing us over race and religion, in order to pick our pockets. This is why we can’t have nice things. We should boot them out and have nice things.

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A historic day on Thursday, May 30, 2024 as the first former President in US history became a convicted felon. Found guilty on all 34 counts, Donald Trump finally faces the music for the first of his election-related criminal trials. Already the Trump trial disinformation machine is spinning up on the right, making wild claims about a politicized process.

The investigation into Trump’s fraudulent payments to Stormy Daniels actually began with Michael Cohen on July 18, 2017, when his bank First Republic Bank tipped off the FBI to some suspicious activity from the Trump’s fixer’s accounts. That investigation led to a 3-year sentence for Cohen for the same exact crime. Way back in 2018, we knew that “Co-conspirator 1” was Donald Trump — and now he has been convicted of that crime.

The federal case inspired an investigation into Cohen’s finances by the state of New York, where both he and the business were located. Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg inherited the case from former prosecutor Cy Vance, who began investigating Trump way back in 2018 after Cohen’s guilty plea, when Cohen admitted in court to making the hush money payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels during Trump’s 2016 campaign. Vance ultimately declined to make a decision on the case before leaving office in 2021, leaving it open for his successor Alvin Bragg.

The Trump investigation: Multiple convictions

Vance did end up charging former Trump Organization CFO Alan Weisselberg with tax fraud, conspiracy, grand larceny, and falsifying business records. He pled guilty in 2022 and testified against the Trump Org, resulting in a conviction of criminal tax fraud against the company and a fine of $1.6 million.

Vance also worked with the Southern District of New York to prosecute the Michael Cohen case and 3-year sentence.

From hush money to election corruption

When new DA Bragg inherited the case that later came to be known as the “hush money” case in 2021, he was reportedly reluctant to make charges, causing 2 longtime prosecutors to leave. He did however end up charging Donald Trump in April 2023, on 34 counts of felony falsification of business records.

Bragg, a graduate of Harvard Law School, focused on fraud and money laundering cases during his tenure as a prosecutor at the Southern District of New York. He also led the team at the NY Attorney General’s office that secured a $2 million judgment and the dissolution of the Trump Foundation in 2019 for misuse of Trump’s charitable foundation. After looking at the facts of the hush money case, he ultimately decided that it was much bigger than simply paying off a porn star: “it’s about conspiring to corrupt a presidential election.”

Continue reading Trump Trial Disinformation: How the right is trying to discredit the felony conviction
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A con artist, also known as a confidence trickster, is someone who deceives others by misrepresenting themselves or lying about their intentions to gain something valuable, often money or personal information. These individuals employ psychological manipulation and emotionally prey on the trust and confidence of their victims.

There are various forms of con artistry, ranging from financial fraud to the spread of disinformation. Each type requires distinct strategies for identification and prevention.

Characteristics of con artists

  1. Charming and Persuasive: Con artists are typically very charismatic. They use their charm to persuade and manipulate others, making their deceit seem believable.
  2. Manipulation of Emotions: They play on emotions to elicit sympathy or create urgency, pushing their targets into making hasty decisions that they might not make under normal circumstances.
  3. Appearing Credible: They often pose as authority figures or experts, sometimes forging documents or creating fake identities to appear legitimate and trustworthy.
  4. Information Gatherers: They are adept at extracting personal information from their victims, either to use directly in fraud or to tailor their schemes more effectively.
  5. Adaptability: Con artists are quick to change tactics if confronted or if their current strategy fails. They are versatile and can shift their stories and methods depending on their target’s responses.

Types of con artists: Disinformation peddlers and financial fraudsters

  1. Disinformation Peddlers: These con artists specialize in the deliberate spread of false or misleading information. They often target vulnerable groups or capitalize on current events to sow confusion and mistrust. Their tactics may include creating fake news websites, using social media to amplify false narratives, or impersonating credible sources to disseminate false information widely.
  2. Financial Fraudsters: These individuals focus on directly or indirectly extracting financial resources from their victims. Common schemes include investment frauds, such as Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes; advanced-fee scams, where victims are persuaded to pay money upfront for services or benefits that never materialize; and identity theft, where the con artist uses someone else’s personal information for financial gain.

Identifying con artists

  • Too Good to Be True: If an offer or claim sounds too good to be true, it likely is. High returns with no risk, urgent offers, and requests for secrecy are red flags.
  • Request for Personal Information: Be cautious of unsolicited requests for personal or financial information. Legitimate organizations do not typically request sensitive information through insecure channels.
  • Lack of Verification: Check the credibility of the source. Verify the legitimacy of websites, companies, and individuals through independent reviews and official registries.
  • Pressure Tactics: Be wary of any attempt to rush you into a decision. High-pressure tactics are a hallmark of many scams.
  • Unusual Payment Requests: Scammers often ask for payments through unconventional methods, such as wire transfers, gift cards, or cryptocurrencies, which are difficult to trace and recover.

What society can do to stop them

  1. Education and Awareness: Regular public education campaigns can raise awareness about common scams and the importance of skepticism when dealing with unsolicited contacts.
  2. Stronger Regulations: Implementing and enforcing stricter regulations on financial transactions and digital communications can reduce the opportunities for con artists to operate.
  3. Improved Verification Processes: Organizations can adopt more rigorous verification processes to prevent impersonation and reduce the risk of fraud.
  4. Community Vigilance: Encouraging community reporting of suspicious activities and promoting neighborhood watch programs can help catch and deter con artists.
  5. Support for Victims: Providing support and resources for victims of scams can help them recover and reduce the stigma of having been deceived, encouraging more people to come forward and report these crimes.

Con artists are a persistent threat in society, but through a combination of vigilance, education, and regulatory enforcement, we can reduce their impact and protect vulnerable individuals from falling victim to their schemes. Understanding the characteristics and tactics of these fraudsters is the first step in combatting their dark, Machiavellian influence.

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The Heartland Institute is a conservative and libertarian public policy think tank that was founded in 1984. Based in Arlington Heights, Illinois, its stated mission is to discover, develop, and promote free-market solutions to social and economic problems. However, it is perhaps most widely known for its controversial stance on climate change and its efforts to question the scientific consensus on the matter.

Early years and focus areas

Initially, the Heartland Institute focused on a broad range of issues, including education reform, health care, tax policy, and environmental regulation. It positioned itself as a proponent of free-market policies, arguing that such policies lead to more efficient and effective solutions than those proposed by government intervention. Later, it would begin to pivot towards advocacy around a singular issue: climate change denialism.

Climate change and environmental policy

The Heartland Institute’s engagement with climate change began to intensify in the late 1990s and early 2000s. During this period, the Institute increasingly questioned the prevailing scientific consensus on climate change, which holds that global warming is largely driven by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

The Institute has been accused of being a key player in the campaign to spread doubt about climate change science — following the disinformation playbook first established by Big Tobacco in the 1950s to fight against public awareness of the lethal dangers of smoking. Critics argue that Heartland has worked to undermine public understanding and acceptance of global warming through various means, including:

  1. Publication of Skeptical Research and Reports: Heartland has funded and published reports and papers that challenge mainstream climate science. Notably, it has produced and promoted its own reports, such as the “NIPCC” (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change) reports, which purport to review the same scientific evidence as the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) but often arrive at starkly different conclusions.
  2. Conferences and Workshops: The Institute has organized and hosted numerous conferences that have brought together climate change skeptics, scientists, and policymakers. These events have served as platforms for presenting and discussing views that are at odds with the mainstream scientific understanding of climate change.
  3. Public Relations and Media Campaigns: Through press releases, op-eds, and social media, the Heartland Institute has actively worked to disseminate its views on climate change to the wider public. It has also attempted to influence policymakers and educators, at times by distributing educational materials that question the consensus on global warming.

Funding and controversy

The funding sources of the Heartland Institute have been a subject of controversy. The organization has received financial support from various foundations, individuals, and corporations, including those with interests in fossil fuels — including the Koch network and the Joseph Coors Foundation. Critics argue that this funding may influence the Institute’s stance on climate change and its efforts to challenge the scientific consensus.

In 2012, the Heartland Institute faced significant backlash following the leak of internal documents that revealed details about its funding and strategy for challenging climate change science. These documents shed light on the Institute’s plans to develop a K-12 curriculum that would cast doubt on climate science, among other strategies aimed at influencing public opinion and education.

Lies, Incorporated

The Heartland Institute’s role in the climate change debate is a highly polarizing one. Proponents view it as a bastion of free speech and skepticism, vital for challenging what they (ironically) claim to see as the politicization of science. Critics, however, argue that its activities have contributed to misinformation, public confusion, and policy paralysis on one of the most pressing issues facing humanity — as well as playing a role in fomenting a broader shift towards science denialism in American culture.

By questioning the scientific consensus on climate change and promoting “alternative facts,” the Heartland Institute has played a significant role in shaping the public discourse on global warming. Its actions and the broader debate around climate science underscore the complex interplay between science, policy, and public opinion in addressing environmental challenges.

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The Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC), which later became the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR), plays a pivotal role in the history of the tobacco industry, particularly in its efforts to counteract emerging scientific evidence linking smoking to serious health risks.

Established in December 1953, the TIRC was a key component of the tobacco industry’s coordinated response to increasing public concern and scientific research showing the adverse health effects of smoking. In the long run, the TIRC’s strategy would become a playbook for other industries that wanted to cast doubt on established science, from acid rain to the ozone layer to climate change denial — and beyond.

cigarettes in an ashtray, by Midjourney

Formation and purpose

The formation of the TIRC was a strategic move by major American tobacco companies in response to a series of scientific studies in the early 1950s that demonstrated a link between smoking and lung cancer. This period marked a significant turning point as the public began to question the safety of smoking. In 1952, Reader’s Digest, one of the most widely read magazines at the time, published an article titled “Cancer by the Carton,” which contributed to a sharp decline in cigarette sales.

Facing a potential crisis, executives from major tobacco companies convened at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. This meeting led to the creation of the TIRC. Officially, the council aimed to promote and fund scientific research into the effects of tobacco use. However, its unstated, primary goal was to cast doubt on the growing evidence linking smoking to health problems, thereby protecting the industry’s interests.

Big Tobacco executives gather at the Plaza Hotel in New York City in 1953 to kick off the science denialism craze to deny the adverse effects of smoking on health

Activities and strategies

The TIRC, and later the CTR, engaged in several key activities aimed at controlling the narrative around smoking and health:

  1. Funding Research: It provided grants for scientific studies in various fields, ostensibly to understand better whether and how smoking posed health risks. However, this research was biased in direction and often focused on alternative explanations for the causes of diseases like lung cancer, suggesting they could be due to factors other than smoking.
  2. Public Relations Campaigns: The TIRC orchestrated extensive public relations campaigns to reassure the public of the safety of smoking. It emphasized that there was no definitive proof linking smoking to cancer, suggesting that more research was needed. This strategy effectively used scientific uncertainty to maintain public trust in tobacco products.
  3. Influencing Scientific Discourse: The TIRC/CTR often attempted to influence the scientific discourse by publishing articles and reviews that questioned the link between smoking and disease. They also organized conferences and meetings where they could promote their narrative.
  4. Legal and Regulatory Influence: The organization worked to influence legislation and regulation related to tobacco use. By casting doubt on the science linking smoking to health risks, they aimed to forestall or weaken public health measures against smoking.

Impact and legacy

The legacy of the TIRC/CTR is marked by its success in delaying public acknowledgment of the health risks of smoking. For decades, the tobacco industry managed to sow doubt about the scientific consensus, affecting public health policies and contributing to continued tobacco use worldwide. This strategy of manufacturing doubt has been emulated by other industries facing similar challenges — leading to a wider cultural practice of science denialism.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, internal documents from the tobacco industry, including those related to the TIRC/CTR, were finally made public through litigation. These documents revealed the extent to which the industry was aware of the health risks associated with smoking, and its extensive, decades-long efforts to conceal this knowledge from the public.

Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (1998)

The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement of 1998, a landmark legal settlement between the major tobacco companies and 46 states, led to significant changes in how tobacco products are marketed and sold in the United States. It also resulted in the dissolution of the CTR and established the American Legacy Foundation (now known as the Truth Initiative), aimed at preventing tobacco use and encouraging cessation.

The TIRC/CTR’s history is a critical chapter in understanding how corporate interests can influence scientific research and public health policy. It serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of transparency, integrity in scientific research, and the potential consequences of allowing economic interests to overshadow public health concerns.

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