Most useful Latin phrases to know
So much of the English language comes directly or circuitously through Latin. And although it’s no longer actively spoken, per se, lingua Latina non mortua est! π
Rumours of Latin’s death have been greatly exaggerated. On the contrary — I consider many of these Latin phrases to be “mini mental models,” or solid mental model companions, at the very least. Knowing them is good brain food, because they’re liable to come in handy in a number of places.
They’re also helpful for anyone learning or wanting to learn a Romance language — because this family of languages is heavily based on Latin. You’ll recognize many of the word stems in Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and so on as deriving from their Latin roots — and it’ll give you a clue as to the meaning even of unfamiliar words as you’re getting up to speed in your new tongue.
Phrase | Meaning |
---|---|
acta non verba | Actions, not words. |
actio libera in causa | Actio libera in causa (frequently abbreviated as a.l.i.c., Latin for "action free in its cause") is a law principle in a typical Western law system (both common law and civil law). The doctrine means that even if the person was not free to choose the course of action while performing an offence, he can still be held responsible for it if he voluntarily created a condition ("cause") for the offending action. |
ad hoc | Spontaneous; unplanned. Literally: "for this purpose" |
ad hominem | Rhetorical strategy that ignores the substance of the argument itself and simply attacks the person who holds opposing views personally. |
ad infinitim | To infinity; endlessly; without limit. |
ad nauseum | To the point of nausea or sickness. |
age quod agis | "Do what you are doing" |
alea iacta est | The Die is Cast |
alibi | Elsewhere; an excuse that shows someone was not at a crime scene. |
alma mater | Identifies the institution of higher learning one has attended. |
a priori | Before the fact |
bona fide | In good faith; genuine. |
carpe diem | Sieze the day! |
caveat emptor | Buyer beware |
circa | Around; approximately |
cogito, ergo sum | I think, therefore I am |
Cui bono? | "Good for whom," or "who benefits?" Similar to "follow the money" |
cum laude | With honors |
cura personalis | care for the entire person |
de facto | In fact; reality. |
deus ex machina | God out of the machine; a plot device in fiction to magically solve an unsolvable problem. |
de jure | By law; by right. |
Dulcet et decorum est pro patria Mori | Sweet and beautiful it is to die for one's country |
esse quam videri | To be rather than to merely seem |
et al | et alia = "and others" |
et cetera | And other similar things; the rest, and so forth. |
ex nihilo nihil fit | Nothing comes from nothing |
ex post facto | retroactively |
fama volat | The rumour has wings |
festina lente | "Hurry slowly" -- a paradoxical phrase imploring one to proceed quickly, but cautiously. |
habeas corpus | "I have the body" -- in legal terms, protection against unlawful imprisonment and indefinite detention |
id est | That is; in other words. |
in media res | Into the middle of things. |
Inter arma enim silent leges | In times of war, the law is silent |
in toto | In total; entirely. |
in vino veritas | In wine there is truth |
ipso facto | By the fact itself. |
lex majoris partis | Will of the majority |
magna cum laude | With high honors |
magnum opus | One's chief body of work. |
mea culpa | Admission of a mistake or fault; "my bad." |
modus operandi | A particular way of doing something, typically long-established. |
modus vivendi | An arrangement allowing conflicting parties to coexist peacefully; more broadly, a way of life |
nolle prosequi | "Will no longer prosecute," used when a prosecutor decides to discontinue pursuing a case |
non sequitur | It doesn't follow; an illogical statement. |
nota bene | Note well |
per se | The thing in itself; a concept on its own for its own sake, as opposed to in connection with other things. |
persona non grata | Someone who is unacceptable and unwelcome |
post hoc | After the fact |
post hoc, ergo propter hoc | A logical fallacy of the form "Y happened after X, therefore event Y must have been caused by X" |
post mortem | After death. |
prima inter pares | "First among equals;" an unofficial leader with authority and influence within the group |
pro bono | Done for the good; work done without charge to help others. |
quid pro quo | Something for something else |
semper fidelis | Always faithful |
sic semper tyrannis | "Thus always to tyrants!" said John Wilkes Booth as he shot Abraham Lincoln in the back of the head in 1865, 5 days after the end of the Civil War |
status quo | The existing state of affairs |
sui generis | In a class all by oneself; a unique element of its kind (Mozart, for example). |
summa cum laude | With highest honors |
tabula rasa | A blank slate; ability to start fresh |
terra firma | Solid ground. |
terra incognita | Unknown territory; an unfamiliar environment |
ultra vires | Outside the law |
veni, vidi, vidi | I came, I saw, I conquered |
verbatim | Word for word |
veritas odium parit | Truth brings hatred |
versus | Against |
veto | I forbid; the power to unilaterally stop. |
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